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Case Study 1

Tourism

Regions

EL43: Crete (Greece),
NO0A:Western Norway (Norway),
ES61: Andalucía (Spain)

Institutions involved

University of Crete,
Western Norway University
of Applied Sciences

Description

Tourism regions face vulnerabilities from health crises, extreme weather,
and energy shocks. The green transition drives sustainability, newniches, and seasonal shifts, while digitalisation enables remote work andefficiency but reduces labour demand. Challenges include highemissions, waste, limited skills, reliance on seasonal/migrant labour,and gendered impacts. Older, migrant, and low-skilled workers riskexclusion, with coastal communities most exposed to climate change.

Case Study 2

Food

Regions

AT22: Styria (Austria),
CH05:Eastern Switzerland (Switzerland),
EL43: Crete(Greece)

Institutions involved

BOKU, FHNW,
University of Crete

Description

The food sector faces rising energy and raw material costs, inflationdrivenprice sensitivity, and high emissions across production,processing, and distribution. Untapped synergies include traceability,robotics, and energy optimization. Key challenges involve watermanagement, digitalisation, automation, and labour shifts, riskingexclusion of low-skill, older, seasonal, and newcomer workers, whilesmall firms face financial and cybersecurity barriers in adapting tochange.

Case Study 3

Agriculture

Regions

ES61: Andalucía (Spain),
AT22:Styria (Austria)

Institutions involved

LSE, BOKU

Description

Agriculture faces pressures from rising energy costs, extreme weather,stricter regulations, supply chain shifts, and migration. Sustainable,precision, and climate-resilient practices are promoted, yet emissions,land-use change, and waste remain challenges. Digitalisation demandsnew skills, while smallholders, older farmers, and manual workers riskexclusion. Data from stats, associations, and interviews help assessneeds, with gender aspects adding complexity to skills and labourresilience.

Case Study 4

Transportation

Regions

EL43: Crete (Greece),
NO0A:Western Norway (Norway),
CH03: Norwestern Switzerland(Switzerland)

Institutions involved

Uoc, HVL, FHNW

Description

Transport faces rising energy costs, inflation-driven price sensitivity,stricter environmental rules, and supply chain shifts. Green transitionbrings biofuels, decarbonisation, and eco-design; digital transition drivesautomation, IoT, AI, and smart logistics. Transport emits 25% of EUGHGs. Transition demands new technical, digital, and engineering skills,while vulnerable groups like migrants, low-skilled, and older workers riskexclusion without reskilling support.

Case Study 5

Energyincluding cybersecurity and emerging sectors

Regions

PL71: Łódzkie (Poland),
NO0A:Western Norway (Norway),
NL33: Zuid-Holland(Netherlands)

Institutions involved

UW, HVL, UU

Description

Europe’s energy transition faces rising costs, energy poverty, and cyberrisks while driving renewables, electrification, and efficiency. Traditionalfirms shift to green segments, with hydrogen and clean energy jobsgrowing. Yet worker and skill shortages persist, especially in digital,cybersecurity, and engineering roles. Over 50% of the workforce needsvocational training. Reskilling is vital for fossil fuel workers, ruralcommunities, and older low-skilled employees to ensure a justtransition.

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