Cases

Case Study 1

Tourism

Regions

EL43: Crete (Greece)
NO0A:Western Norway (Norway)
ES61: Andalucía (Spain)

Institutions involved

University of Crete (UOC),
Western Norway University of Applied Sciences (HVL)

Description

Tourism regions face vulnerabilities from health crises, extreme weather, and energy shocks. The green transition drives sustainability, new niches, and seasonal shifts, while digitalisation enables remote work and efficiency but reduces labour demand. Challenges include high emissions, waste, limited skills, reliance on seasonal/migrant labour, and gendered impacts. Older, migrant, and low-skilled workers risk exclusion, with coastal communities most exposed to climate change.

Case Study 2

Food

Regions

AT22: Styria (Austria)
CH05: Eastern Switzerland (Switzerland)
EL43: Crete (Greece)

Institutions involved

The University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland (FHWN),
University of Crete (UOC)

Description

The food sector faces rising energy and raw material costs, inflation driven price sensitivity, and high emissions across production, processing, and distribution. Untapped synergies include traceability, robotics, and energy optimization. Key challenges involve watermanagement, digitalisation, automation, and labour shifts, risking exclusion of low-skill, older, seasonal, and newcomer workers, whilesmall firms face financial and cybersecurity barriers in adapting to change.

Case Study 3

Agriculture

Regions

ES61: Andalucía (Spain)
AT22: Styria (Austria)

Institutions involved

London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), The University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Western Norway University of Applied Sciences (HVL)

Description

Agriculture faces pressures from rising energy costs, extreme weather, stricter regulations, supply chain shifts, and migration. Sustainable, precision, and climate-resilient practices are promoted, yet emissions, land-use change, and waste remain challenges. Digitalisation demands new skills, while smallholders, older farmers, and manual workers risk exclusion. Data from stats, associations, and interviews help assess needs, with gender aspects adding complexity to skills and labour resilience.

Case Study 4

Transportation

Regions

EL43: Crete (Greece)
NO0A: Western Norway (Norway)
CH03: Northwestern Switzerland (Switzerland)

Institutions involved

University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland (FHWN),
University of Crete (UOC)

Description

Transport faces rising energy costs, inflation-driven price sensitivity, stricter environmental rules, and supply chain shifts. Green transition brings biofuels, decarbonisation, and eco-design; digital transition drives automation, IoT, AI, and smart logistics. Transport emits 25% of EUGHGs. Transition demands new technical, digital, and engineering skills, while vulnerable groups like migrants, low-skilled, and older workers risk exclusion without reskilling support.

Case Study 5

Energyincluding cybersecurity and emerging sectors

Regions

PL71: Łódzkie (Poland)
NO0A: Western Norway (Norway)
NL33: Zuid-Holland(Netherlands)

Institutions involved

Utrecht University (UW), Western Norway University of Applied Sciences (HVL), University Of Warsaw (UU)

Description

Europe’s energy transition faces rising costs, energy poverty, and cyberrisks while driving renewables, electrification, and efficiency. Traditional firms shift to green segments, with hydrogen and clean energy jobs growing. Yet worker and skill shortages persist, especially in digital, cybersecurity, and engineering roles. Over 50% of the workforce needs vocational training. Reskilling is vital for fossil fuel workers, rural communities, and older low-skilled employees to ensure a just transition.